1. Identification ·         Product Name: Dimethyl Adipate ·         CAS no. 627-93-0 ·         Uses: Laboratory chemicals, cosmetics  2. Hazard(s) identification ·         Skin and Eye Irritation: DMA can cause irritation if it comes into contact with the skin or eyes, leading to redness, itching, or discomfort. ·         Respiratory Irritation: Inhalation of vapors or mist may cause respiratory tract irritation, leading to coughing, shortness of breath, or throat irritation. ·         Ingestion: Swallowing DMA can be harmful, causing nausea, vomiting, or abdominal discomfort. ·         Flammability: Although not highly flammable, DMA can contribute to fire hazards if exposed to an open flame or high temperatures. ·         Environmental Impact: DMA can pose risks to aquatic life if released into water bodies, making proper disposal and handling essential. ·         Chronic Exposure: Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe health effects, such as long-term respiratory issues or skin sensitization. 3. Composition/Information on Ingredients Component CAS No. Weight Dimethyl Adipate 627-93-0 >95%   4. First-aid measures Inhalation: o   Move the person to fresh air immediately. o   If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen and seek medical attention. o   If the person is not breathing, perform CPR and call for emergency medical help. Skin Contact: o   Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. o   Remove any contaminated clothing. o   Seek medical advice if irritation persists. Eye Contact: o   Rinse the eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, keeping the eyelids open. o   Remove contact lenses if present and continue rinsing. o   Get medical attention if irritation or redness continues. Ingestion: o   Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel. o   Rinse the mouth with water and drink small amounts of water. o   Seek medical help immediately. 5. Fire-fighting measures Extinguishing Media: o   Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide (CO2) to extinguish the fire. o   Do not use a direct water jet as it may spread the fire. Specific Hazards: o   DMA may release hazardous fumes, including carbon oxides (CO and CO2), when heated or burned. o   Containers may explode in extreme heat due to pressure build-up. Protective Equipment for Firefighters: o   Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) to avoid inhaling toxic fumes. o   Use full protective gear, including fire-resistant clothing and gloves, to prevent skin and eye contact with vapors or chemicals. Firefighting Instructions: o   Evacuate the area and fight the fire from a safe distance. o   Cool containers exposed to fire with water to prevent rupture. o   Avoid letting firefighting water runoff enter drains or waterways, as it can be harmful to the environment. 7. Handling and storage ·         Handling: Personal Protection: o   Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing. o   Ensure good ventilation in the workspace to avoid inhaling vapors. Avoid Exposure: o   Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. o   Prevent inhalation of vapors or mist. o   Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical. Safe Transfer: o   Use equipment designed to prevent spills or leaks when transferring DMA. o   Handle away from ignition sources, open flames, and high heat. ·         Storage: Location: o   Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, or incompatible materials (e.g., strong oxidizers). Container Safety: o   Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use. o   Store in labeled containers made of materials compatible with DMA, such as stainless steel or approved plastic. Fire Precautions: o   Store away from open flames and sources of ignition, as DMA can be flammable under high temperatures. 8. Exposure controls / personal protection ·         Exposure Controls: Ventilation: o   Ensure adequate ventilation, preferably through local exhaust systems, to control airborne concentrations of dimethyl adipate (DMA). o   Use fume hoods or other engineering controls in enclosed areas. Monitoring: o   Regularly monitor the air for DMA levels, especially in confined spaces or high-risk areas. Personal Protection: Respiratory Protection: o   If ventilation is insufficient or if airborne concentrations exceed permissible limits, wear appropriate respiratory protection such as a mask with organic vapor filters. Hand Protection: o   Use chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile, rubber) to protect against skin contact. Eye Protection: o   Wear safety goggles or face shields to prevent eye contact. Skin and Body Protection: o   Wear long sleeves, protective clothing, and chemical-resistant aprons to avoid skin exposure. Hygiene Measures: o   Wash hands, forearms, and face thoroughly after handling DMA. o   Remove and clean contaminated clothing and equipment before reuse. 9. Physical and Chemical Properties Physical Properties: Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid Odor: Mild, ester-like odor Boiling Point: 225°C (437°F) Melting Point: -10°C (14°F) Density: 1.06 g/cm³ at 20°C Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents like alcohol and ether Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid Flash Point: 100°C (212°F) (Closed Cup) Vapor Pressure: 0.03 mmHg at 20°C Chemical Properties: Molecular Formula: C8H14O4 Molecular Weight: 174.20 g/mol Autoignition Temperature: 420°C (788°F) 10. Stability and Reactivity Stability: ·         Dimethyl adipate (DMA) is stable under normal conditions of use, storage, and handling. Reactivity: ·         Conditions to Avoid: Avoid exposure to extreme heat, open flames, and ignition sources, as well as prolonged exposure to air. ·         Incompatible Materials: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases. ·         Hazardous Decomposition Products: When heated or burned, DMA may decompose and release harmful gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). 11. Toxicological information Acute Toxicity: ·         Inhalation: May cause respiratory irritation if inhaled in large amounts. High concentrations of vapors can lead to dizziness, headache, or nausea. ·         Ingestion: Low toxicity if swallowed, but large amounts may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or vomiting. ·         Skin Contact: May cause mild skin irritation on prolonged or repeated contact. ·         Eye Contact: Can cause mild to moderate eye irritation upon direct contact. Chronic Toxicity: o   Repeated or prolonged exposure may cause skin sensitization or dermatitis. Carcinogenicity: o   DMA is not classified as a carcinogen by major health agencies like IARC, OSHA, or NTP. Mutagenicity: o   No data suggests that DMA is mutagenic. Reproductive Toxicity: o   No significant reproductive toxicity has been reported for DMA. 12. Ecological Information Ecotoxicity: o   DMA is considered to have low toxicity to aquatic life. However, large spills or improper disposal could still cause environmental harm. Persistence and Degradability: o   DMA is biodegradable and breaks down in the environment over time, reducing its long-term impact. Bioaccumulative Potential: o   DMA has low potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. Mobility in Soil: o   DMA is moderately mobile in soil due to its solubility in water, and it can potentially leach into groundwater if not handled properly. Other Adverse Effects: o   No significant ozone depletion or global warming potential has been associated with DMA. 13. Disposal Considerations Waste Disposal: o   Dispose of DMA in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations. Do not release into drains, water sources, or the environment. o   Use a licensed waste disposal service to manage chemical waste. Container Disposal: o   Empty containers should be handled with care. Ensure they are properly cleaned before disposal or recycling. o   Do not reuse containers for any other purpose unless thoroughly decontaminated. Environmental Precautions: o   Avoid spills and prevent DMA from entering soil, waterways, or drainage systems. Dispose of any residues or contaminated materials as hazardous waste. 14. Transport Information UN Number: o   Not classified as a hazardous substance for transportation under most regulations. Transport Hazard Class: o   DMA is generally not classified under a specific hazard class for transport. Packing Group: o   Not applicable, as DMA is not considered hazardous. Environmental Hazards: o   DMA is not considered environmentally hazardous for transportation, but spills should be avoided to prevent contamination. Special Precautions: ·         Ensure containers are securely sealed and labeled during transport. ·         Prevent exposure to extreme heat and direct sunlight. Transport Regulations: ·         DMA is not regulated under the International Air Transport Association (IATA), International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, or other major transport regulations. 15: Regulatory Information US Regulations: ·         TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act): DMA is listed on the TSCA inventory, meaning it is authorized for use in the United States. ·         OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration): Not classified as a hazardous substance under OSHA standards. EU Regulations: ·         REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals): DMA complies with REACH regulations and is registered for use in the EU. ·         CLP (Classification, Labelling and Packaging): DMA is not classified as a dangerous substance under CLP regulations. Canada: ·         WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System): Not classified as hazardous under WHMIS regulations. International Regulations: ·         DMA is generally not classified as hazardous by international regulations, but specific national regulations should be consulted for safe use and handling. 16: Other Information   The information contained in this Post is accurate to the best of our knowledge, information, and belief as of the publication date. It is intended solely as guidance for the safe handling, use, processing, storage, transportation, disposal, and release of the material. This information should not be interpreted as a warranty or quality specification. It pertains specifically to the material mentioned and may not apply if the material is used in combination with other substances or in different processes, unless explicitly stated in the document.

Dimethyl adipate, an essential compound in the chemical industry, has gained attention due to its versatile applications, especially in producing polymers, resins, and plasticizers. But where does this vital compound come from? While it's commonly synthesized through chemical processes, natural sources also contribute to its production. In this article, we'll dive deep into the natural origins of dimethyl adipate, uncovering the biological processes and raw materials that make it possible. What is Dimethyl Adipate? Before exploring its natural sources, it's essential to understand dimethyl adipate. Dimethyl adipate is an organic compound, a type of ester formed from adipic acid and methanol. Its chemical structure is C8H14O4, and it is widely used in various industries due to its excellent solvent properties and role as an intermediate in chemical reactions. Importance of Dimethyl Adipate in Industry Dimethyl adipate's significance stems from its multiple industrial applications. It's a key ingredient in the production of: Polymers and Resins: Used to synthesize polyurethane, polyamide, and polyester resins. Plasticizers: Enhances the flexibility and durability of plastic materials. Solvents: Utilized in coatings, inks, and adhesives for their effective dissolving properties. The Conventional Production of Dimethyl Adipate Traditionally, dimethyl adipate is produced through the esterification of adipic acid, a process involving the reaction between adipic acid and methanol under acidic conditions. This method is efficient but relies heavily on non-renewable resources, leading to a growing interest in finding sustainable and natural alternatives. Natural Occurrence of Adipic Acid Adipic acid, the precursor to dimethyl adipate, does occur naturally, though in small quantities. It is a byproduct of the metabolic processes of certain plants and microorganisms. For instance, beet sugar processing has been known to produce small amounts of adipic acid. Additionally, certain fungi and bacteria can metabolize carbohydrates to produce adipic acid, providing a more eco-friendly source. Biological Sources of Dimethyl Adipate Research into the biological production of dimethyl adipate has revealed several promising pathways: 1. Microbial Fermentation Certain microorganisms, particularly strains of bacteria and yeast, have been genetically engineered to produce adipic acid and its derivatives, including dimethyl adipate. Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are the microbes that have shown potential in this area. By optimizing fermentation conditions, scientists can increase the yield of dimethyl adipate from these biological sources. 2. Plant-Based Extraction Plants naturally produce a variety of esters, including those similar to dimethyl adipate. Ricinus communis (castor oil plant) is one example, where the fatty acids from the plant can be chemically modified to produce dimethyl adipate. While the direct extraction of dimethyl adipate from plants is challenging, advances in biotechnological processes are making this a more viable option. 3. Algae and Bioengineering Algae, particularly microalgae, are being explored for their ability to produce organic compounds like dimethyl adipate. Microalgae can be modified through bioengineering to enhance their production of fatty acids, which can then be converted into dimethyl adipate. This method offers a sustainable source and benefits from algae's fast growth rates and high lipid content. Environmental Benefits of Natural Sources The shift towards natural sources of dimethyl adipate presents several environmental advantages: Reduced Carbon Footprint: Utilizing biological processes and renewable resources lowers greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional chemical synthesis. Sustainable Production: Natural sources are renewable, reducing dependency on finite fossil fuels. Biodegradability: Dimethyl adipate produced from natural sources tends to be more biodegradable, minimizing environmental impact. Challenges in Utilizing Natural Sources Despite the potential benefits, there are challenges to using natural sources for dimethyl adipate production: Low Yield: The production of dimethyl adipate from natural sources currently yields lower quantities than chemical synthesis. Cost: The extraction and processing of natural materials can be more expensive due to the process's complexity. Scalability: Scaling up biological production to meet industrial demands is still a work in progress, requiring further research and development. Future Prospects for Natural Dimethyl Adipate The future of dimethyl adipate production lies in successfully integrating natural and synthetic methods. Advances in biotechnology, particularly in genetic engineering and metabolic pathway optimization, are paving the way for more efficient production processes. Researchers are also exploring hybrid approaches, combining the strengths of natural and chemical methods to produce dimethyl adipate more sustainably and cost-effectively. Conclusion Dimethyl adipate is crucial in various industries, and its production is evolving towards more sustainable practices. While traditional methods remain dominant, exploring natural sources offers promising alternatives that align with global environmental goals. As research continues, we can expect to see more innovative solutions that leverage the power of nature to produce this essential compound. By understanding and harnessing these natural sources, we move closer to a more sustainable future for chemical production.

Diethyl adipate is an important ester with a wide range of applications, particularly in the production of plastics, resins, and pharmaceuticals. Understanding the process of making diethyl adipate is crucial for chemists and industry professionals. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the six main steps involved in the production of diethyl adipate, offering insights and tips for each stage. By the end of this article, you'll have a thorough understanding of the process, ensuring you can produce high-quality diethyl adipate efficiently and effectively. 1. Gathering and Preparing Raw Materials The first step in the production of diethyl adipate is gathering and preparing the raw materials. The primary ingredients required are adipic acid and ethanol. Adipic Acid Adipic acid is a key component in the synthesis of diethyl adipate. It is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in organic solvents. Adipic acid can be sourced from commercial suppliers or synthesized in-house using various chemical processes. Ethanol Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, is another essential raw material. It is a colorless, volatile liquid commonly used as a solvent and in the manufacture of various chemicals. High-purity ethanol is required for the synthesis of diethyl adipate to ensure the reaction proceeds efficiently and the final product is free from impurities. 2. Esterification Reaction The esterification reaction is the heart of the process where adipic acid reacts with ethanol to form diethyl adipate. This reaction is typically catalyzed by an acid, such as sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid, which helps to speed up the reaction and increase the yield. Reaction Conditions The esterification reaction is usually carried out under reflux conditions to maintain a constant temperature and prevent the loss of ethanol through evaporation. The reaction mixture is heated to a temperature of around 140-150°C, allowing the adipic acid and ethanol to react and form diethyl adipate. Catalysts and Additives Using a catalyst is essential to drive the reaction forward and achieve a high yield of diethyl adipate. Common catalysts include sulfuric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, both of which are strong acids that effectively catalyze the esterification process. In some cases, a dehydrating agent, such as molecular sieves or calcium chloride, may be added to the reaction mixture to remove water and shift the equilibrium towards the formation of the ester. 3. Separation and Purification After the esterification reaction is complete, the reaction mixture contains diethyl adipate, unreacted adipic acid, ethanol, water, and other byproducts. The next step is to separate and purify the diethyl adipate. Distillation Distillation is the primary method used to separate diethyl adipate from the reaction mixture. The mixture is subjected to fractional distillation, where the different components are separated based on their boiling points. Diethyl adipate, having a higher boiling point than ethanol and water, is collected as a distillate. Washing and Drying The distilled diethyl adipate is then washed with water to remove any remaining impurities, such as residual acid or ethanol. After washing, the ester is dried using anhydrous sodium sulfate or another drying agent to remove any traces of water. 4. Quality Control and Analysis Ensuring the quality and purity of diethyl adipate is crucial for its intended applications. Quality control and analysis are essential steps in the production process. Spectroscopic Analysis Various spectroscopic techniques, such as NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and IR (Infrared Spectroscopy), are used to analyze the chemical structure and purity of diethyl adipate. These techniques provide detailed information about the molecular composition and help identify any impurities. Chromatographic Techniques Gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are commonly used to assess the purity of diethyl adipate. These techniques separate the components of the reaction mixture and provide quantitative data on the concentration of diethyl adipate and any residual impurities. 5. Scaling Up the Production Once the synthesis and purification processes are optimized at a laboratory scale, the next step is to scale up the production to meet industrial demands. Scaling up involves transferring the process from a small-scale laboratory setup to a larger, industrial-scale production facility. Reactor Design Choosing the right type of reactor is crucial for scaling up the production of diethyl adipate. Common reactors used in industrial-scale synthesis include batch reactors, continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR), and plug flow reactors (PFR). The choice of reactor depends on factors such as reaction kinetics, heat transfer, and mixing requirements. Process Optimization Scaling up also requires careful optimization of process parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and catalyst concentration, to ensure the reaction proceeds efficiently and safely at a larger scale. Pilot studies and simulations are often conducted to fine-tune these parameters before full-scale production begins. 6. Environmental and Safety Considerations The production of diethyl adipate involves the use of hazardous chemicals and generates waste products that must be managed responsibly. Environmental and safety considerations are critical aspects of the production process. Waste Management Proper disposal of waste products, such as residual acids, solvents, and byproducts, is essential to minimize the environmental impact of the production process. Waste management strategies include recycling and reusing solvents, neutralizing acidic waste, and treating effluents before discharge. Safety Measures Ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment is paramount in the production of diethyl adipate. Safety measures include using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), implementing rigorous process safety protocols, and conducting regular safety audits to identify and mitigate potential hazards. Conclusion Producing diethyl adipate involves a series of well-defined steps, from gathering and preparing raw materials to managing environmental and safety considerations. By understanding and optimizing each step of the process, manufacturers can produce high-quality diethyl adipate efficiently and sustainably. Whether you're a chemist, a process engineer, or an industry professional, mastering the production of diethyl adipate will enhance your capabilities and contribute to the advancement of various industrial applications.